Flow Rate and Pressure

Are the flow rate and pressure in the pipeline proportional? Is the flow rate related to pressure, flow rate, and pipe diameter? From the perspective of qualitative analysis, the relationship between pressure and flow in the pipeline is proportional. That is, the greater the pressure, the greater the flow rate. The flow rate is equal to the velocity multiplied by the section. For any section of the pipeline, the pressure comes from only one end, that is, the direction is one-way. When the outlet is closed (the valve is closed), the fluid in the pipe is in a prohibited state. Once the outlet is opened, its flow rate depends on the pressure in the pipe.

Flow Rate And Pressure Relationship

Pipe Diameter vs Pressure vs Flow

The pipe diameter means that when the pipe wall is relatively thin, the outside diameter of the pipe is almost the same as the inside diameter of the pipe. So the average value of the outside diameter of the pipe and the inside diameter of the pipe is taken as the pipe diameter.

Usually refers to the general synthetic material or metallic pipe. And when the inner diameter is large, the average value of the inner diameter and the outer diameter is taken as the pipe diameter.

Based on the metric system (mm), it is called DN (metric unit).

Pressure refers to the internal pressure of the fluid pipe.

Flow refers to the amount of fluid flowing through the effective cross-section of a closed pipeline or open channel per unit time, also known as instantaneous flow.

When the amount of fluid is expressed by volume, it is called volume flow. When the amount of fluid is expressed by mass, it is called mass flow.

The volume of fluid flowing through a certain section of pipe per unit time is called the volume flow rate of the cross-section.

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flow rate and pressure relationship

First of all, flow = flow rate × pipe inner diameter × pipe inner diameter × π÷4. Therefore, the flow rate and the flow rate basically know one to calculate the other parameter.

But if the pipe diameter D and the pressure P in the pipe are known, can the flow rate be calculated?

The answer is: It is not yet possible to find the flow velocity and flow rate of the fluid in the pipeline.

You imagine that there is a valve at the end of the pipe. When closed, there is pressure P in the tube. The flow rate in the tube is zero.

Therefore: The flow rate in the pipe is not determined by the pressure in the pipe, but by the pressure drop gradient along the pipe. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate the length of the pipeline and the pressure difference between the two ends of the pipeline in order to find the flow rate and flow rate of the pipeline.

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If you look at it from a qualitative analysis point of view. The relationship between pressure and flow in the pipeline is proportional. That is, the greater the pressure, the greater the flow rate. The flow rate is equal to the velocity multiplied by the section.

For any section of the pipeline, the pressure comes from only one end. That is to say, the direction is one-way. When the outlet in the pressure direction is closed (valve closed). The fluid in the tube is prohibited. Once the exit opens. Its flow rate depends on the pressure in the pipeline.

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For quantitative analysis, you can use hydraulic model experiments. Install pressure gauges, flow meters, or measure flow-through capacity. For pressure pipe flow, it can also be calculated. The calculation steps are as follows:

  1. Calculate the specific resistance S of the pipeline. If it is an old cast iron pipe or old steel pipe. The specific resistance of the pipeline can be calculated by Sheverev formula s=0.001736/d^5.3 or s=10.3n2/d^5.33. Or check the relevant form;
  2. Determine the working head difference H=P/(ρg) at both ends of the pipeline. If there is a horizontal drop h (referring to the beginning of the pipe higher than the end by h).
    Then H=P/(ρg)+h
    In the formula: H: take m as the unit;
    P: is the pressure difference between the two ends of the pipe (not the pressure of a certain section).
    P is in Pa;
  3. Calculate the flow rate Q: Q = (H/sL)^(1/2)
  4. Flow rate V=4Q/(3.1416 * d^2)
    1. In the formula: Q —— flow rate in m^3/s;
    2. H —— The head difference between the beginning and the end of the pipeline, in m;
    3. L —— The length from the beginning to the end of the pipe, in m.

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Flow Rate and Pressure Formula

Mention pressure and flow rate. I think many people will think of Bernoulli’s equation.

Daniel Bernoulli first proposed in 1726: “In water or air currents, if the velocity is low, the pressure is high. If the velocity is high, the pressure is small”. We call it “Bernoulli’s Principle”.

This is the basic principle of hydraulics before the continuum theory equation of fluid mechanics is established. Its essence is the conservation of fluid mechanical energy. That is: kinetic energy + gravitational potential energy + pressure potential energy = constant.

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Have to be aware of it. Because the Bernoulli equation is derived from the conservation of mechanical energy. Therefore, it is only suitable for ideal fluids with negligible viscosity and incompressible.

Bernoulli’s principle is often expressed as:

This formula is called Bernoulli’s equation.
Where:

  • p is the pressure of a certain point in the fluid;
  • v is the flow velocity of the fluid at that point;
  • ρ is fluid density;
  • g is the acceleration of gravity;
  • h is the height of the point;
  • C is a constant.

It can also be expressed as:

Assumptions:

To use Bernoulli’s law, the following assumptions must be met before it can be used. If the following assumptions are not fully met, the solution sought is also an approximation.

  • Steady flow: In a flow system, the nature of the fluid at any point does not change with time.
  • Incompressible flow: the density is constant, when the fluid is a gas, the Mach number (Ma)<0.3 is applicable.
  • Friction-free flow: The friction effect is negligible, and the viscous effect is neglected.
  • Fluid flows along streamlines: fluid elements flow along streamlines. The streamlines do not intersect each other.

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Flow Rate and Pressure Calculator

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Learn more about pressure and flow rate relationship

Pressure drop also known as pressure loss, is a technical and economic indicator that indicates the amount of energy consumed by the device. It is expressed as the total pressure difference of the fluid at the inlet and outlet of the device. Essentially reflects the mechanical energy consumed by the fluid passing through the dust removal device (or another device). It is proportional to the power consumed by the ventilator.

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Pressure drop includes pressure drop along the way and local pressure drop.

Pressure drop along the way: refers to the pressure loss caused by the viscosity of the liquid when the liquid flows in a straight pipe.

Local pressure drop: refers to the pressure loss caused by the liquid flowing through local resistances such as valve ports, elbows, and flow cross-section changes.

The cause of the local pressure drop: when the liquid flows through the local device, a dead water zone or vortex zone is formed. The liquid does not participate in the main flow in this area. It’s the constant swirling. Accelerate liquid friction or cause particle collisions. Produce local energy loss.

When the liquid flows through the local device, the magnitude, and direction of the flow velocity change drastically. The velocity distribution law on each section is also constantly changing. Cause additional friction and consume energy.

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For example. If a part of the flow channel is restricted, the downstream pressure will start to decrease from the restricted area. This is called pressur drop. Pressure drop is energy loss. Not only the downstream pressure will decrease, but the flow rate and velocity will also decrease.

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When pressure loss occurs on the production line, the flow of circulating cooling water will decrease. This can cause various quality and production problems.

To correct this problem, the ideal way is to remove the parts that cause pressure drop. However, in most cases, the pressure drop is handled by increasing the pressure generated by the circulating pump and/or increasing the power of the pump itself. This measure wastes energy and generates unnecessary costs.

The flowmeter is generally installed in the circulation pipeline. At this time, the flowmeter is actually equivalent to a resistance part in the circulation pipeline. The fluid will produce pressure drop when passing through the flowmeter, causing a certain amount of energy consumption.

The smaller the pressure drop the smaller the additional power required to transport the fluid in the pipeline. The lower the energy consumption is caused by the pressure drop, The lower the energy metering cost. On the contrary, the greater the energy consumption caused by the pressure drop. Energy The higher the measurement cost. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right flow meter.

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When the piping system is determined, the flow rate is related to the square root of the pressure difference. The greater the pressure difference, the greater the flow rate. If there is a regulating valve in the pipeline system (man-made pressure loss). That is, the effective pressure difference is reduced, and the flow rate is correspondingly smaller. The pipeline pressure loss value will also be smaller.

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The measuring principle of the differential pressure flowmeter is based on the principle of mutual conversion of the mechanical energy of the fluid.

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The fluid flowing in a horizontal pipe has dynamic pressure energy and static pressure energy (potential energy equal).
Under certain conditions, these two forms of energy can be converted to each other, but the sum of energy remains unchanged.

Take the volume flow formula as an example:
Q v = CεΑ/sqr(2ΔP/(1-β^4)/ρ1)

Among them:

  • C outflow coefficient;
  • ε Expansion coefficient
  • Α The cross-sectional area of ​​the throttle opening, M^2
  • ΔP Differential pressure output by throttling device, Pa;
  • β diameter ratio
  • ρ1 The density of the measured fluid at I-I, kg/m3;
  • Qv volume flow, m3/h

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According to the compensation requirements, it is necessary to add temperature and pressure compensation. According to the calculation book, the calculation idea is based on the process parameters at 50 degrees. The flow rate at any temperature and pressure is calculated. In fact, the important thing is the conversion of density.

Calculated as follows:
Q = 0.004714187 d^2ε*@sqr(ΔP/ρ) Nm3/h 0C101.325kPa

That is the volume flow rate at 0 degrees of standard atmospheric pressure is required to be displayed on the screen.

According to the density formula:
ρ= PT50/(P50T)* ρ50

Among them: ρ, P, T represents values ​​at any temperature and pressure
ρ50, P50, T50 indicate the process reference point at a gauge pressure of 0.04MPa at 50 degrees

Combining these two formulas can be completed in the program.

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Yes.

There is a close relationship between pressure and flow rate. An increase in pressure will increase the flow rate. Changes in pressure, container materials, fluid properties and fluid flow forms will also directly affect the change in flow rate.

To be precise, the flow rate increases as the pressure difference increases.

If you cannot find an answer to your question in our Flow Rate and Pressure, you can always contact us and we will be with you shortly.

More Flow and Pressure Measurement Solutions

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Sino-Inst offers over 50 flow meter for flow measurement. About 50% of these are differential pressure flow meters, 40% is the liquid flow sensor, and 20% are Ultrasonic Level Transmitter and mass flow meter.

A wide variety of flow meters options are available to you, such as free samples, paid samples.

Sino-Instrument is a globally recognized supplier and manufacturer of flow measurement instrumentation, located in China.

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About KimGuo11

Wu Peng, born in 1980, is a highly respected and accomplished male engineer with extensive experience in the field of automation. With over 20 years of industry experience, Wu has made significant contributions to both academia and engineering projects. Throughout his career, Wu Peng has participated in numerous national and international engineering projects. Some of his most notable projects include the development of an intelligent control system for oil refineries, the design of a cutting-edge distributed control system for petrochemical plants, and the optimization of control algorithms for natural gas pipelines.

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